DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

Direct and indirect speech digunakan untuk mengatakan/menceritakan kembali apa yang dikatakan seseorang kepada orang lain. Dalam Direct Speech/Kalimat Langsung kita mengulang kembali persis seperti apa yang dikatakan seseorang/apa yang kita dengar dengan tidak mengubah satu katapun.Misalnya: My sister said: “I have lost my money”.

Dalam Direct Speech, ucapan atau kata-kata yang diulang ditempatkan dalam tanda kutip dengan didahului oleh titik dua sesudah Reporting Verb. Kalimat langsung /Direct Speech biasanya digunakan pada percakapan-percakapan dalam buku-buku, sandiwara, drama, atau kutipan-kutipan.

Jika Direct speech di atas diubah ke dalam Indirect Speech akan menjadi:

My sister said that she had lost her money.

Berdasarkan contoh di atas jelas bahwa Simple Past Tense dalam tanda kutip berubah menjadi Past Perfect Tense dalam Indirect Speech.

Untuk mengubah Direct Speech ke dalam Indirect Speech yang perlu sekali diperhatikan adalah Reporting Verb dalam bentuk Simple Present Tense, maka dalam Indirrect Speech tidak akan mengalami perubahan Tenses. Yang berubah hanya Pronoun-nya saja.

He says: “The first train will arrive early today”.

He says that the first train will arrive early today.

Jika Reporting Verb-nya dalam bentuk Simple Past Tense, Indirect Speech akan mengalami perubahan tenses sebagai berikut ini.

No.	Direct Speech	Indirect Speech
1	Simple Present Tense	Simple Past Tense
	Linda said: “I buy my dictionary at the book shop”.	Linda said that she bought her dictionary at the book shop.
2	Present Continuous Tense	Past Continuous
	She said: “I doing my English homework”.	She said that she was doing her English homework.
3	Present Perfect	Past Perfect Tense
	John said: “I have finished doing my reports”.	John said that he had finished doing his reports.
4	Present Perfect Continuous Tense	Past Perfect Continuous Tense
	He said: “We have been living here for three years”.	He said that they had been living there for three years.
5	Future Tense	Past Future Tense
	Laila said: “We will leave for Singapore”.	Laila said that they would leave for Singapore.
6	Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous Tense
	He said: “I was reading an English novels”.	He said that he had been reading English novels.

Selain perubahan tense jika Reporting Verb-nya dalam Simple Past Tense, keterangan waktu juga mengalami perubahan sebagai berikut ini.

No.	Direct	Indirect
1	Today	That day
	Father said: “I’ll be very busy today”.	Father said that he would be very busy that day.
2	Yesterday	The day before
	He said: “I came to your house yesterday”.	He said that he had come to my house the day before.
3	Tomorrow	The following day / the next day
	He promised: “I will return your books tomorrow”.	He promised that he would return my books the next day.
4	Next week	The following week
	They said: “We will go to your house next week”.	They said that they would come to my house the following week.
5	Next year	The following year
	She said: “I am going to America next year”.	She said that she was going to America the following year.
6	Last week	The previous week
	He said to me: “I bought this dictionary last week”.	He told me that he had bought that dictionary the previous week.
7	Last month	The previous month
	John said: “My father came back from Japan last month”.	John said that his father had come back from Japan the previous month.
8	The day before yesterday	Two days before
	She said: “I sent my application letter the day before yesterday”.	She said that she had sent her application letter two days before.